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February 2009
Vol. 6, No. 2
Electric Steelmaking Technologies
About the Cover
Doghouse-type enclosure for the Danieli 100-ton AC EAF at BH Steel in Bosnia-Herzegovina. The plant features dust emissions lower than 5 mg/Nm3 at the stack and lower than 6 mg/Nm3 in the EAF working area. Dioxin emissions will be lower than 5 ng/Nm3. Photograph courtesy of Danieli. Photographer: Raffaele Carlin.
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31 |
Hot Metal Strategies for the EAF Industry
Ronaldo Santos Sampaio (left), RSConsultants Ltda., Belo Horizonte, Brazil (brazil@aist.org); Jeremy Jones (center), WorleyParsons Gas Cleaning, Irving, Texas (jeremy.jones@worleyparsons.com); and José Batista Vieira (right), JB Consultoria Ltda., Belo Horizonte, Brazil
This paper describes recent advances in mini blast
furnace technology and the driving forces behind renewed interest in feeding low-sulfur hot metal
desulfurization in the EAF. Specific operating results are presented when applicable. |
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38 |
Start-Up Experience and Results of Consteel® at the SOVEL Meltshop
George Bouganosopoulos (left), meltshop technical manager, SOVEL SA, Volos, Greece (gbougano@sovel.vionet.gr); Vasilis Papantoniou, chief operating officer, SIDENOR SA, Thessaloniki, Greece (vpapa@sidenor.vionet.gr); and Panagiotis Sismanis (right), meltshops director, SIDENOR SA, Athens, Greece (psismanis@sidenor.vionet.gr)
In 2006, SOVEL decided to convert to a Consteel® operation in order to increase production capacity and decrease electrical energy consumption. Installation experience and production results are presented in this paper. |
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47 |
Primary Energy Melting (PEM) — A Hybrid Process Using an Energy-Efficient Technology
Jochen Schlüter (left), vice president — research and development, Udo Falkenreck, general manager — melting facilities/metallurgy, Jens Kempken (center), executive vice president — project development, and Jan Bader (right), general manager — technical sales steelmaking, SMS Demag AG, Düsseldorf, Germany (jochen.schlueter@sms-demag.com, udo.falkenreck@sms-demag.com, jens.kempken@sms-demag.com, jan.bader@sms-demag.com)
This paper presents the technological features of the
primary energy melting process and its necessary design criteria in order to be competitive. The increased energy efficiency is shown, as well as the environmental
benefit. |
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56 |
The SIMETAL Ultimate at Colakoglu, Turkey
Markus Abel (left), senior expert — EAF oxygen technology, and Michel Hein (right), manager — metallurgy and process technology, Siemens VAI Metals Technologies GmbH, Willstätt-Legelshurst, Germany (markus.abel@siemens.com, michel.hein@siemens.com)
In January 2007, Siemens VAI commissioned a new SIMETAL Ultimate EAF at Colakoglu Metalurji A.S., which produces more than 8,000 tons/day. Special attention is given to the evolution of the plant’s
productivity, particularly the design steps of the EAF during commissioning. |
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65 |
New Techniques in Steel Meltshop Air Pollution Control
Casper J.L. Els (left), owner and director, Consulto Enviro CC, Pretoria, South Africa (conviro@lantic.net); Olof Vorster (center), W.L. Gore & Associates SA (Pty) Ltd., Boksburg, South Africa (ovorster@wlgore.com); Chris Coetzee (right), Resonant Solutions (Pty) Ltd., Centurion, South Africa (chris@resonant.co.za); and Timothy L. Fisher, W.L. Gore & Associates, Elkton, Md. (tfisher@wlgore.com)
This article outlines recent work done to improve extraction efficiency from the fourth hole. Practical tests were performed to develop profiles of offgas temperature, gas composition and flowrates over the period of a melt. |
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High Productivity With Low Emissions — Challenge for Tomorrow
Torsten Rummler, managing director, Jens Apfel, senior vice president — consulting, and Volker Knoth, project manager — environmental technology, Badische Stahl-Engineering GmbH, Kehl, Germany; Jim Belous, vice president, Bender Corp., Beverly Hills, Calif.; and Torsten Doninger, head of environmental protection department, Badische Stahlwerke GmbH, Kehl, Germany
One of the main environmental challenges in today’s steel industry is the reduction of global greenhouse gases. This paper shows the level of emissions that can be reached without disadvantages to productivity. |
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164 |
Thermodynamic Properties of Liquid Fe-B and Fe-B-C Alloys
A. Semih Sunkar and Kazuki Morita, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
(semih@iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp)
In this research, the thermodynamic properties of Fe-B master alloys were investigated by the thermochemical equilibration method for which liquid Ag was chosen as the reference melt. As the preliminary investigation, the Ag-B system was evaluated. The solubility of B in Ag(l) was measured as 0.149 and 0.305 at. % at 1,773 and 1,873 K, respectively. The activity coefficient of B at infinite dilution in Ag(l) was calculated and expressed as the free energy of B dissolution in Ag(l) for 1 mass % standard state. |
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