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2010 October Issue
Full Table of Contents
Process Metallurgy & Product Applications
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About the Cover
Union Electric Steel, Carnegie, Pa., announced the commissioning on Aug. 18, 2010, of their new 5,000-ton open-die hydraulic forging press and 80-MT rail-bound manipulator. The press was supplied by Wepuko Pahnke Engineering and has a 6,000-ton upsetting capability. The manipulator was supplied by Dango and Dienthal (DDS) of Siegen, Germany. This $38 million investment in state-of-the-art technology directly supports Union Electric’s commitment to provide their customers with rolls that meet the highest quality standards in the metalworking industry.
Cover photograph by Christopher P. Brown..
Full magazine available in the Members Only Area |
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Technical Features Table of Contents |
| 45 |
Operating Principle and Plant Design of the VD/VOD Facility at ThyssenKrupp Acciai Speciali Terni for the Production of Superferritic Stainless Steel
J. Kevin Cotchen (pictured), SMS Siemag LLC, Pittsburgh, Pa. (kevin.cotchen@sms-siemag.us); Thomas Eichert and Dieter Tembergen, SMS Mevac GmbH, Essen, Germany (thomas.eichert@sms-mevac.com); and Jozef Triplat, ThyssenKrupp Acciai Speciali Terni (TK AST), Terni, Italy (joze.triplat@telemach.net)
A new VD/VOD plant was commissioned at ThyssenKrupp Acciai Speciali Terni in 2008. This article explains the features and applications of superferritic steel grades, plant design modules for the new VD/VOD facility, and the VOD process for treatment of superferritic steel. |
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| 54 |
Hydrogen and Nitrogen Control and Breakout Warning Model for Casting Non-Degassed Steel
Sunday Abraham (left), SSAB Americas, Muscatine, Iowa; Shaojie Chen (right), James Asante and Colin D’ Souza, Evraz Inc. NA, Regina, Sask., Canada (shaojie.chen@evrazincna.com)
Dissolved hydrogen and nitrogen in steel can result in significant damage to the structural integrity of steel product. Evraz Regina Steel has developed a model for providing advance warning of hydrogen/nitrogen-related breakouts during continuous casting. |
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Inclusions and Nozzle Clogging During the Billet Continuous Casting Process
Xiangjun Zuo (top left), engineer — Continuous Casting Dept., CISDI Engineering Co. Ltd., China Metallurgical Group Corp. (MCC), China (former master’s student at Missouri S&T); Mujun Long (top right), visiting scholar, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, and Ph.D. student, College of Materials Science & Engineering, Chongqing University, China; Jianwei Gao (bottom left), engineer, Shanghai Institute of Quality Inspection and Technical Research, China (former visiting scholar at Missouri S&T); Yufeng Wang (bottom center), engineer, R&D Group, SSAB, Muscatine, Iowa (former Ph.D. student at Missouri S&T); and Lifeng Zhang (bottom right), assistant professor, Dept. of Material Science & Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Mo. (zhanglife@mst.edu)
A simple kinetic clogging model was developed to predict the entrapment probability of inclusions to the nozzle lining wall and the number of heats that can be poured before the nozzle is entirely clogged. Factors affecting SEN clogging are discussed. |
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78 |
Production of Fine-Grained As-Rolled Structural Plate Steels
Douglas G. Stalheim (left), president, DGS Metallurgical Solutions Inc., Vancouver, Wash. (dgstalheim@comcast.net), and Robert Glodowski (right), director — technical services, East Metals North America, Pittsburgh, Pa. (glodowski@na.eastmetals.biz)
Fine grain is a positive attribute in as-rolled structural steels. This paper discusses the contribution from grain-refining elements, along with the processing/rolling schedule that results in the production of a fine uniform cross-sectional ferrite grain size. |
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Analysis of HSLA Steel Microstructures by Various Techniques
Matthew J. Merwin (pictured), research consultant, C.T. Becker and D.R. Giansante, United States Steel Corporation Research and Technology Center, Munhall, Pa. (mmerwin@uss.com)
HSLA steels often exhibit complex microstructures that are difficult to quantify by traditional light microscopy and SEM methods. EBSD analysis was performed considering such information as image quality, misorientation angle and various grain average parameters. Results achieved by the various techniques are compared. |
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96 |
Microalloy Precipitation in Hot Charged Slabs
Myra S. Dyer (top left), John G. Speer (top right) and David K. Matlock (bottom left), The George S. Ansell Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colo. (myradyer@gmail.com, jspeer@mines.edu, dmatlock@mines.edu); Adam J. Shutts, Nucor Steel–Arkansas, Blytheville, Ark. (adam.shutts@nucor.com); Steven G. Jansto (bottom center), CBMM-Reference Metals Co. Inc., Bridgeville, Pa. (jansto@referencemetals.com); Kun Xu and Brian G. Thomas (bottom right), Mechanical Science and Engineering Dept., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, Ill. (kunxu2@illinois.edu, bgthomas@illinois.edu)
The effects of microalloy precipitation and dissolution during direct slab production are explored relative to the position within a slab and alloy content. Niobium solute contents and precipitate fractions are quantified using electrochemical extraction and ICP-AES techniques. |
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