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2011 March Issue
Full Table of Contents
Iron Production Technologies
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About the Cover
The two new blast furnaces at ThyssenKrupp Companhia Siderúrgica do Atlântico (TKCSA), Brazil, are designed to produce 5.3 million metric tons of pig iron per year. The blast furnaces are highly energy efficient, utilizing the waste gas to internally generate energy for steel production. Additionally, the blast furnace slag is further processed by the cement industry as clinker required for the production of Portland cement. The recycling of waste gas and blast furnace slag, in addition to other company initiatives, will allow TKCSA to reduce its carbon footprint of GHG emissions by approx. 1.7 million tons of CO2 per year.
Photo courtesy of ThyssenKrupp Companhia Siderúrgica do Atlântico.
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Technical Features Table of Contents |
| 35 |
‘L’ Blast Furnace Hearth Refractories Findings and Repair at Severstal Sparrows Point
Richard E. Fash (top left), division manager — operations technology, ArcelorMittal Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio (richard.fash@arcelormittal.com); James O. Barrett (top right), plant refractory manager, Bruce Stackhouse (bottom left), technology and process manager — ironmaking, and Guy Ritterman, project engineer, Severstal Sparrows Point, Sparrows Point, Md. (james.barrett@severstalna.com; bruce.stackhouse@severstalna.com); Robert Hansen (bottom center), project manager — refractories, CIM-TECH, Valparaiso, Ind.; and Floris van Laar (bottom right), director of technology, Allied Mineral Technical Services, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (floris.vanlaar@alliedmin.com)
Due to certain discoveries during an outage, the repair of Severstal NA Sparrows Point ‘L’ furnace hearth refractories became more extensive than originally planned. Plant practices were updated to match the campaign strategy goals. |
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| 42 |
Comparison of Byproduct and Heat-Recovery Cokemaking Technologies
Paul S. Towsey (left), ironmaking specialist, Ian Cameron (center), senior director — iron and steel, and Yakov Gordon (right), technical director — ironmaking, Hatch Ltd., Mississauga, Ont., Canada (ptowsey@hatch.ca, icameron@hatch.ca, igordon@hatch.ca)
This paper reviews the byproduct and heat-recovery cokemaking technologies, each of which offers opportunities to produce high-quality coke and to develop the energy balance while achieving the lowest possible operating cost. |
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51 |
Low-Cost Hot Metal: The Future of Blast Furnace Ironmaking
M. Geerdes (left), director, Geerdes & Partners BV, Castricum, The Netherlands (geerdes@geerdespartners.com); Reinoud van Laar (center), manager — technology and consultancy, and Roman Vaynshteyn (right), senior process engineer, Danieli Corus BV, IJmuiden, The Netherlands (reinoud.van-laar@danieli-corus.com; roman.vaynshteyn@danieli-corus.com)
The urgent need to reduce one’s CO2 footprint can be achieved by the decrease of energy losses, the increase of efficiency of top gas calorific value utilization and the use of renewable resources. This article discusses what is required, in processes as well as equipment, to meet the targets. |
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58 |
High-Conductivity Copper in the Blast Furnace
Trevor Shellhammer (left), metallurgist, Shellhammer Consulting, Lehighton, Pa. (tshellhammer@live.com), and Rick Walsh (right), Alabama Copper & Bronze Co. Inc., Birmingham, Ala. (alabamacopper@bellsouth.net)
Copper is ideal for use as a lining material for refractories and steel superstructures. This paper covers the evolution of copper to its current form, particularly its superior performance in water-cooled blast furnace cooling elements. |
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69 |
Physical and Mathematical Modeling of Transient Thermal and Liquid Flow Inside a Blast Furnace Hearth During the Tapping Period
Erick Torres Bispo dos Santos, Jorge Issamu Gushiken, and Luiz Augusto Wasem, ArcelorMittal Tubarão, Serra, Espírito Santo, Brazil (erick.bispo@arcelor.com.br, jorge.gushiken@arcelor.com.br, wasem@arcelor.com.br); Carlos Antônio da Silva, professor, Itavahn Alves da Silva and Filipe Mansur, Metallurgical Engineering Dept., Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil (casilva@em.ufop.br, itavahn@demet.em.ufop.br, fimansur@yahoo.com.br); and Varadarajan Seshadri (pictured), professor emeritus, Dept. of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil (seshadri@demet.ufmg.br)
The flow of metal inside the blast furnace crucible is important, and significant information has been missing from models of transient thermal and liquid flow during tapping. This work assesses the influence of deadman position, bed porosity distribution, productivity and draining hole length. |
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