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2013 January Issue
Full Table of Contents
Electric Steelmaking |
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About the Cover
Tenova Melt Shops Business Unit started up a new quality steel meltshop at Trierer Stahlwerk GmbH (TSW) in Trier, Germany. The scope of work included a 60-ton EAF featuring the Consteel® system, a ladle furnace and a Tenova vacuum degassing treatment.
Photo courtesy of Tenova.
Full magazine available in the Members Only Area. |
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Technical Features Table of Contents |
| 57 |
Electrode Consumption in a Modern High-Power Electric Steel Shop
Christopher R. Armstrong,
process engineer, Steel Dynamics Inc. – Flat Rolled Division, Butler, Ind., USA
chris.armstrong@steeldynamics.com;
Timothy L. Bosserman,
Steel Dynamics Inc. – Flat Rolled Division, Butler, Ind., USA;
Kale E. Heibult,
melting supervisor, Steel Dynamics Inc. – Flat Rolled Division, Butler, Ind., USA,
kale.heibult@steeldynamics.com; Kyle W. Vanover,
EAF metallurgist, Steel Dynamics Inc. – Flat Rolled Division, Butler, Ind., USA,
kyle.vanover@steeldynamics.com; James J. Fortier,
technical service engineer, Showa Denko Carbon Sales Inc., Ridgeville, S.C., USA,
jfortier@sdkc.com; Contributing Editor,
Nicolas Lugo,
technical service engineer, GrafTech International Ltd., Parma, Ohio, USA,
nicolas.lugo@graftech.com
The consumable nature of graphite makes electrodes a meaningful contributor to the conversion costs for all electric arc furnace-based mini-mills. This work highlights historical consumption numbers at Steel Dynamics Inc. in Butler, Ind., as well as changes made related to processing parameters, supplier research and operational infrastructure that have had an effect on electrode consumption. |
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| 70 |
Effect of Silicon on Hot Shortness
Erica E. Sampson,
doctoral candidate, Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA,
esampson@andrew.cmu.edu; Sridhar Seetharaman,
USS-POSCO Professor of Steelmaking, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA,
sridhars@andrew.cmu.edu
Hot shortness is a surface-cracking phenomenon due to the high amount of copper in scrap-based electric arc furnace steels. This study focuses on determining the ratio of Si and Ni needed to counteract the negative effects of Sn and Cu and on determining the mechanism by which Si helps to reduce oxidation and improve hot shortness. |
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81 |
Increasing Energy Efficiency of the Electric Arc Furnace at TenarisTamsa
Fernando Martell,
automation technologies consultant, Ingeniería Mecatrónica S.A. de C.V., Monterrey, N.L., México,
fmartell@ingmt.com; Rafael Mendoza,
senior electrical engineer, auxiliary services department, TenarisTamsa, Ver., México,
rmendoza@tamsa.com.mx ; Miguel Meléndez,
senior electrical engineer, maintenance engineering department, Ternium México, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., México,
mmelende@ternium.com.mx ; Armando Llamas,
director — Center for Energy Studies, School of Engineering, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, N.L., México,
allamas@itesm.mx; Osvaldo Micheloud,
endowed chair — Roberto Rocca Energy Research Center, School of Engineering, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, N.L., México,
osvaldo.micheloud@itesm.mx
Optimization of energy input into an AC EAF has been accomplished at TenarisTamsa. This work intends to prove that energy efficiency criteria can be applied for power control of the EAFs without affecting productivity. |
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90 |
New Generation in Preheating Technology for Electric Arc Furnace Steelmaking
Knut Rummler,
president, KR Tec GmbH, Kehl, Germany,
k.rummler@kr-tec.net, Akif Tunaboylu,
technical coordinator, CVS Makina, Kocaelli, Turkey,
atunaboylu@cvs.com.tr; Dogan Ertas ,
chief project and contracting department, CVS Makina, Kocaelli, Turkey,
dertas@cvs.com.tr
In electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking, reduction in electricity consumption and increased productivity can be realized by preheating the scrap up to 700°C by sensible heat in offgas. The environmental preheating and continuous charging (EPC) system combines the advantages of 100% scrap preheating and continuous scrap feeding through its chambers, without opening the EAF roof. This paper compares the EPC to the existing systems. |
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99 |
Aluminum Deoxidation of H13 Hot Die Steel Through Inert Gas Protection Electroslag Remelting
Fei Wang,
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, P.R. China,
wangf0485@qq.com; Xi-chun Chen,
Central Iron and Steel Research Institute, Beijing, P.R. China; Han-jie Guo,
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, P.R. China
Through electroslag remelting of 3-ton H13 hot die steel under an argon gas protecting condition, deoxidant pellets were continuously injected into melting slag. The results show that oxygen contents were reduced in ingots with different aluminum addition rates. Aluminum content in steel increased linearly as aluminum addition rates increased. |
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108 |
Dioxin Minimization and Control in an EAF
Maria Ilaria Pistelli (top row left) project manager (i.pistelli@c-s-m.it), Daphne Mirabile (top row center) researcher (d.mirabile@c-s-m.it ), Centro Sviluppo Materiali S.p.A., Roma, Italy; and Marco Scotto D’Antuono (top row right) steelmaking process engineer (m.scotto@c-s-m.it), Centro Sviluppo Materiali S.p.A., Dalmine, Italy; Enrico Malfa (middle row left) head of energy and environment department (e.malfa@c-s-m.it), Centro Sviluppo Materiali S.p.A., Dalmine, Italy; Nicola Angelucci (middle row center) project manager (nangelucci@tenaris.com), and Silvia Tosato (middle row right) environment regional specialist (silviatosato@tenaris.com), Tenaris Dalmine, Dalmine, Italy, Paolo Giugliano (bottom row) operations manager (pgiuliano@tenaris.com), Tenaris Dalmine, Dalmine, Italy
In this study, the EAF process and also the offgas duct pathway are studied, in more than 100 analyses, in order to distinguish dioxin risk zones. By taking into consideration all dioxin formation mechanisms, a method for an easy and immediate warning about critical EAF process steps and offgas points is set up. Moreover, a correlation curve between dioxin production and the main process conditions are defined. |
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232 |
A Review of Methods to Quantify Nanoscale Precipitates in Microalloyed Steels, Part 1
J. Lu,
pipeline integrity, Enbridge Pipelines Inc., Edmonton, Alta., Canada,
junfang.lu@enbridge.com; D.G. Ivey,
professor of materials engineering, director, Alberta Centre for Surface Engineering and Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada,
doug.ivey@ualberta.ca; H. Henein,
professor of materials engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada,
hani.henein@ualberta.ca
Microalloyed steels are widely used in the oil and gas industry. In the pursuit of developing higher-strength microalloyed steels, a more quantitative understanding of the strengthening mechanisms is required. In this two-part review, a comparison of various characterization methods will be presented, as well as the dissolution methods that have been performed on extracted precipitates and their characterization and quantification. Look for Part 2 in this series in the February 2013 issue of Iron & Steel Technology. |
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